Alcoholism is a disease characterised by continuous heavy drinking. Until people with alcohol use disorder admit to problems with alcohol and stop drinking, the risk of alcohol use disorder continues which affects both physical and mental health.
Alcohol starts to injure the brain once it reaches the bloodstream.
Excessive consumption can lead to Alcohol-Related Brain Damage, or ARBD, which is a type of brain disorder caused by alcohol consumption. Brain shrinkage caused by alcohol abuse is permanent, as alcohol kills brain cells and grey matter.
For more information and effects click ‘Learn More’.
Family Recovery Compass is a newsletter for friends and family members who feel trapped between supporting a loved one in addiction, and protecting their own wellbeing.
Every week, we tackle one specific situation in addiction family dynamics, and deliver practical decision-making frameworks and exact dialogue scripts – that help you respond with confidence instead of reaction.
Every month, we bring you an unfiltered recovery conversation with someone who’s either experienced addiction firsthand, or works closely with those in recovery.
No sanitised success stories – just practical insights on what actually works in recovery, that you can apply, in your life too.
Recovery capital is the internal and external resource used to begin the recovery process and maintain sobriety. This combines personal, social, and community support to provide a joined-up approach that supports the addict through recovery.
Do you or a loved one need addiction treatment for alcohol or drugs? Thousands blindly walk into addiction treatment in expensive rehab centres and find that the reality doesn’t meet expectations.
If you’re considering rehab treatment, first check our ultimate guide for complete instructions on how to find the right rehab centre for you.
Take-home Naloxone kits help families and loved ones respond quickly in an opioid overdose emergency, until emergency services arrive. Kits contain nasal or injectable forms of Naloxone.
Changes in legislation mean Naloxone kits are now more widely available from pharmacies and drug services, including Abbeycare.
For additional information, click ‘Learn More’ below.
Overcoming alcohol addiction means first ceasing alcohol intake, and taking care of physical and chemical withdrawal symptoms.
Detoxing from alcohol means undergoing withdrawal from alcohol, but with the assistance of prescribed medication and detox phase, to substitute in place of the alcohol itself.
Alcohol rehab focuses on tackling the problems underneath alcoholism, such as grief, trauma, depression, and emotional difficulties, in order to reduce continuing drinking after treatment.
Inpatient services at an alcohol rehab programme provides 24 hour access to specialist care.
Alcohol home detox provides a means of semi-supervised addiction treatment in the comfort of your home. It’s often suitable for those with inescapable practical commitments, or where a reduced budget for treatment is available.
An at-home detox is the most basic detox option available from Abbeycare, and assumes you have support available, post-detox, for the other important elements of long-term addiction recovery.
The term alcoholism refers to the consumption of alcohol to the extent that the person is unable to manage their own drinking habits or patterns, resulting in side-effects that are detrimental to the quality of life and health of the alcoholic, or those around them.
An alcoholic is someone who continues to compulsively abuse alcohol in this way, despite the negative consequences to their lives and health.
Immediately following treatment, the early stages of recovery and abstinence are most vulnerable to lapses.
At Abbeycare, a structured and peer-reviewed aftercare plan is usually prepared whilst still in treatment. This comprises social, peer, and therapeutic resources individuals draw upon, following a residential treatment programme for drug or alcohol misuse.
Clinically managed residential detoxification is:
– A structured detox that uses medication-assisted treatment and regular physical health observations
– Takes place in an inpatient rehabilitation unit or hospital
– Typically lasts from 7-10 days, but in Abbeycare, it is incorporated into a 28-day rehab programme
Family Therapy at Abbeycare Scotland or Gloucester is realistic, compassionate, and appropriate for families and loved ones of addicts.
Family therapeutic interventions in residential rehabilitation have been designed to support those living with or caring for participants entering the Abbeycare Programme.
Support for families in a group setting allows for a safe, constructive, and confidential place to listen and share common experiences.
Inpatient rehab is drug and/ or alcohol treatment in a rehab centre, where patients remain on-site for the duration of inpatient rehabilitation.
It includes detoxification from drugs, therapy (group work and 1-2-1 sessions), and aftercare planning. Inpatient rehabs typically last 28 days, but this varies on an individual basis.
Long-term treatment at Abbeycare has been developed for those suffering from alcohol or drug addiction. Completing a long-term drug and alcohol inpatient programme may be the solution to problematic substance use.
Motivational Enhancement Therapy can be used by trained addiction recovery therapists to elicit internal changes within and promote long-term recovery from substance use disorder.
All the answers to addiction can be found within with this comprehensive and successful therapy concept leads to behavioural changes, reflective listening, self-motivational statements, and a comprehensive recovery process.
Outpatient drug or alcohol rehab is daytime treatment as opposed to living in a treatment facility.
Outpatient treatment is similar to inpatient in terms of the methods used to treat substance abuse. Where they differ is in their approach to recovery.
Abbeycare’s prison to rehab is a 12-week structured rehab programme which involves direct transfer from prison. The suitability of the candidate is decided by prison staff.
Short-term residential treatment programmes are the chance to press the reset button and access a therapeutic programme designed to create recovery from the use of alcohol and drugs.
Feeling stuck in a rut. Want to stop but can’t seem to achieve sobriety?
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The 12-step programme was created by alcoholics anonymous (AA), and is specifically designed to aid addicts in achieving and maintaining abstinence.
The central ethos behind the programme is that participants must admit and surrender to a divine power to live happy lives. Ideas and experiences are shared in meetings, and help is sought in an attempt to achieve abstinence.
Abbeycare’s policy to respect your privacy and comply with any applicable law and regulation regarding any personal information we may collect about you, including across our website and other sites we own and operate.
Integrated psychotherapy with nutritional counselling, coping skills, and anxiety management training
Why Do Women Require Alcohol Rehab?
Full rehabilitation programmes are necessary for women who are:
Single mothers unable to prioritise alcohol recovery due to everyday responsibilities and child commitments, as 85% of single-parent households are headed by mothers [1]
Single mothers without acting guardians for children, or fear that treatment will lead to foster care or a loss of custody
Struggling with postpartum depression with minimal support, losing focus on personal well-being and using alcohol as a coping mechanism
Anxious about fertility and miscarriage, stillbirth and foetal alcohol syndrome caused by alcohol abuse
Misusing alcohol to self-medicate symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder caused by rape or molestation, as 27% of women with PTSD abuse alcohol and are more likely to have lifetime PTSD than men (10.4 vs 5.0%) [2]
Living with an abusive partner, as females are the victims in 93% of domestic abuse-related sexual offences, a safe and secure environment that doesn’t trigger addictive behaviour is required [3]
Alcohol Rehab Process For Women
Detox
Detox for women in alcohol rehab is affected by:
15% higher peak blood alcohol concentrations than men due to lower average body weights (64kg vs 75kg) and ethanol distribution volumes (0.60 Vd vs 0.69 Vd) [4]
Liver enzymes >40 IU/L in 32% compared to 19% of men, liver function tests are required at baseline and 10 – 14 days later to detect hepatic dysfunction caused by disulfiram [5][6]
Iron deficiency (ferritin <15 lg/L) in 60% of menstruating women, ongoing blood tests with B12, iron and folate supplementation are required to prevent anaemia [7][8]
More intense alcohol cravings during the menstrual phase (p < .01) result in detoxifications of up to 14 days rather than 5 – 7 [9]
The alcohol detox process for women in rehab is adapted due to:
Abdominal pain in 78% of endometriosis patients, requiring ibuprofen or naproxen to manage inflammation [10]
Initial 12.5mg doses of naltrexone to reduce alcohol cravings, rather than 50mg to minimise interactions with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories resulting in liver enzyme elevation (>40 IU/L), nausea and vomiting [11]
Supervision of hormonal therapy use, e.g. birth control pills taken every day at the same time, patches changed weekly, alongside hourly monitoring during detoxification [6]
Rehab
Up to 74% of women who struggle with alcoholism have experienced sexual, physical, or emotional abuse and are 2x more likely than men to develop PTSD after exposure to trauma (20.4% vs 8.2%), requiring [2][12]:
Female-only counsellors and group sessions to minimise discomfort for female victims of domestic or sexual abuse, because around 95% prefer female staff and stay in treatment 5 days longer than in mixed-gender sessions [13][14]
90-minute group sessions to discuss the connection between substance abuse and trauma in women’s lives, how to manage triggers, and recovery implications [13]
Trauma-informed therapy using CBT strategies, exposure therapy, coping skills and stress inoculation training to aid recovery whilst managing PTSD symptoms [13]
Women often drink to alleviate stress and are less likely to become physically dependent on alcohol compared to men (8.2% vs 20.1%), due to higher rates of psychological addiction rather than physical addiction [15]:
Depression: Women = 22.4 vs Men = 17.6 (BDI score)
Anxiety: Women = 28% vs Men = 22%
Alcohol cravings: Women = 14.1 vs Men = 10.2 (PACS score)
Integrated CBT, interpersonal therapy, nutritional counselling, coping skills and anxiety management training
Whereas, men's rehab treatment for mainly physical addiction, provides:
Up to 2 weeks of detoxification
Minimal focus on therapy until physical dependence is addressed
CBT, DBT, or motivational interviewing (if required)
Aftercare
Aftercare for women is adapted due to:
Pressures of coping with childcare and school commitments, weekly female-only support groups allow women with children to connect with others adjusting to sobriety
Some rehab centres provide homework assistance, nursery care and child safety, nutrition and mental health education for mothers with children to concentrate on sobriety and limit stress from daily commitments [13]
For single mothers managing children’s afterschool activities, dinner and bedtimes, daytime or virtual support groups are available rather than in-person evening sessions to minimise stress and improve engagement [17]
Women-only recovery groups offer a safe place for women to discuss female-specific intimate partner abuse or codependency and develop coping skills to prevent relapse
60-minute sessions of narrative exposure and cognitive processing therapy involve narration of female sexual trauma experiences to identify and challenge maladaptive thought patterns [18]
Women reliant on family or partners for financial support; education about employment options, balancing work and healthy survival strategies are provided to minimise anxiety and negative expectations [17]
Women who previously stayed in abusive relationships due to financial dependence; rehab staff liaise with services to provide budgeting and strategic planning to create a sense of independence
Alcohol Rehabilitation For Women Vs Other Treatment Approaches
Alcohol Rehab
Empowerment-Based Therapy
Provides Detox?
Yes
No
Structure
5 - 7 day detox + psychotherapy & up to 12 months of aftercare
Weekly therapist-led sessions to build resilience & enhance self-awareness
Women Only?
Some provide female-led therapy sessions and women-only spaces
No
Support Type
Full rehab programme (4 - 12 weeks)
Therapy sessions only
Women-Only Self-Help Groups
Women for Sobriety
Provides Detox?
No
No
Structure
Weekly peer-led meetings using CBT, motivational, or 12-step approaches
Weekly meetings using 13 acceptance statements to promote self-worth
Women Only?
Yes
Yes
Support Type
Peer-facilitated recovery support group
Peer-facilitated support group + online community
Why Do Women Delay Alcohol Rehab?
Reasons why women may avoid addiction treatment include:
A lack of financial resources, 34.4% of women are unable to cover rehab costs due to minimal savings, no health insurance or financial independence [13]
A lack of time in 44%, as 90% of single parents are mothers and primary caregivers responsible for dependent children or other family members [19][20]
Social stigma in 28.9% of women worried about being perceived as irresponsible or neglectful “bad mothers” when entering treatment [13]
Fears of losing custody of young children and reluctance to inform social services or counsellors about alcohol abuse, as up to 75% of mothers do not regain custody after treatment [21][22]
What Changes Alcohol Addiction Treatment For Women?
Menopause
Menopause changes women’s alcohol recovery programmes due to:
Ovaries produce less oestrogen (<100 pmol/L) and progesterone (<0.20 ng/mL), resulting in moderate to severe depression in 18% of 45 – 55-year-olds; symptoms are exacerbated during alcohol withdrawal and last up to 4 weeks after abstaining [23][24][25][26]
20% bone density reductions in menopausal patients, bone mineral density tests are required for over 65s, and menopausal women with previous fractures to minimise the risk of osteoporosis [23][27]
Raloxifene, calcium and magnesium-rich diets with vitamin D supplements over 50 mcg/μg (2,000 IU) are required for menopausal patients to support bone health and prevent osteoporosis [23][28]
Ischemic heart disease in 5% of women 4 years post-menopause, and a family history of premature heart disease in 9%, requiring electrocardiograms alongside standard protocols [6][29]
Oral Contraceptives
Oral contraceptives change the rehab process for women because medical staff tailor each patient's treatment plan due to:
A significant increase in the severity of vomiting and diarrhoea F(1,68) = 26.1, p < 0.0001, f = 0.62) using a combination of hormonal contraceptives and 50mg oral naltrexone, requiring a reduced dose between 12.5 - 20mg [11][30]
Magnesium deficiencies in women using oral contraceptives require 375mg supplementation with ongoing monitoring of electrolyte imbalances to mitigate fatigue, brain fog, and low mood during treatment [31][32]
Patwardhan et al. (2007) found that norethindrone acetate, 1 mg; ethinylestradiol, 50 μg, impacts the disposition and elimination of lorazepam, oxazepam and chlordiazepoxide by:
Reducing the elimination half-life (14 vs 6 hr) and increasing the plasma clearance (77.5 vs 288.9 ml per min) of 2mg Lorazepam
Reducing the elimination half-life (12.1 vs 7.7 hr) and increasing the plasma clearance (97.9 vs 251.2 ml per min) of 45mg oxazepam, peak levels were reached between 2 to 4 hours
Prolonging the elimination half-life (11.6 vs 20.6 hr) and reducing the plasma clearance (33.2 vs 13.4 ml per min) of 0.6/kg Chlordiazepoxide
Significantly increasing the volumes of distribution of lorazepam and oxazepam (p < 0.05) [33]
Pregnancy
Female addiction rehab changes for pregnant women due to:
Hospital admissions to prevent premature labour or miscarriage, and 24-hour hospital supervision is provided for at least 5 days after the onset of alcohol withdrawal symptoms [34]
Ultrasounds and cardiotocographs are conducted and reviewed by specialist midwives and obstetric doctors to evaluate whether foetal heart rate is below 120 bpm during detoxification, as early delivery may be required to prevent miscarriage or stillbirth [35][36]
100mg of intramuscular thiamine for 3 days, 5mg folic acid, and daily prenatal vitamins are required to prevent Wernicke’s Encephalopathy and seizures during withdrawal [34][37]
Anxiety management and coping skills training with childbirth education about bonding and attachment to manage guilt, anxiety and shame in pregnant mothers concerned about foetal exposure to harm and motherhood [13]
Ongoing nonjudgmental counsellor discussions about abstinence during postpartum and breastfeeding with stress management strategies to prevent future relapse [13]
Drug and alcohol treatment programmes provide food to improve pregnant mothers' nutritional status and mitigate the severity of foetal abnormalities, including:
Spinach, broccoli, beef and chicken for 600 μg/d folic acid and 11-12mg/d zinc to minimise the risk of congenital brain or spine malformations, restricted brain growth and body weight
Peanuts, salmon, olive oil and carrots for vitamin A and E to prevent lipid peroxidation in the cell membrane and encourage normal cell differentiation and development [38]
Do Rehabs Provide Child-Care?
No inpatient alcohol rehabs in the UK offer on-site childcare facilities due to interference with patients’ ability to engage in the treatment process.
Mothers in residential rehab stay in contact with children through email, phone calls and visitations.
Outpatient addiction treatment provides services for mothers in recovery trying to balance childcare responsibilities, including:
1 – 3 weekly individual or group therapy sessions during children’s school hours, with education about setting up and running a household, grooming and nutrition [13]
Daycare facilities with childcare providers for children of parents enrolled in treatment with educational programmes, counselling sessions, crafts, games, and art therapy
Kersting et al. (2003) developed an outpatient programme as an alternative to inpatient treatment for mothers unwilling or unable to leave young children under 4 years old [39]:
64 mothers received morning psychoanalytic-interactional group therapy sessions whilst children were cared for by a child-care worker [39]
8.5% of mothers dropped out of treatment, possibly due to struggles of managing additional demands and expectations of children while attending less intensive treatment [13][39]
Outpatient rehab is an option for mothers with:
Mild alcohol addictions
Adequate social support
Struggles adjusting back into daily life after completing a full inpatient programme
Inpatient rehab is an option for mothers with:
Moderate-severe alcohol addictions
Unsafe home environments
Co-occurring mental or physical conditions
No daily structure in place to manage stress and triggers
About the author
Mischa Ezekpo
Mischa Ezekpo has a Bachelors degree in Psychology from Northumbria
University, and a Masters degree in Childhood Development and
Wellbeing, from Manchester Metropolitan University. Since 2018, Mischa
has written and published work on Addiction, Mental Health, Depression, and Eating Disorders. Content reviewed by Laura Morris (Clinical Lead).